Killick,
Your editor is wrong to run this without a "comment/no comment" quote, or, at least, a legitimate, honest line along the lines of the officer (really) could not be reached, or was reached and declined to comment...
If it were me, I would go to every last editor in that place, and the publisher, and state the case against running this without the cop involved, or without knowing, with certainty, that he knows it is running without his input.
That said, given your current situation, if I were you, I think I'd also enlist the aid of the police department's PIO/PR flack in this instance. Tell him the situation, what the story's about, and that the story IS running, soon, and that a comment really can't wait.
I'd think an PIO might be aware enough of media-related issues to see the urgency and the expediency on the part of the department to get ahold of this guy. And, as others have said, you know that the department can...Police, fire and emergency personnel essentially live their lives on call, after all, so there must be a way to reach the cop involved. Perhaps the PIO could even be an intermediary if the cop perfers that.
But, at least then, you'd have something you can say, from somebody, that you can say supposedly got whatever is said directly from the cop...
My other thought: Just as I would not run this story without the cop involved, at least on some level, I ALSO would NEVER run a story like this without a byline...not for any reason, and you're wrong to ask that the paper do so, even if it is to keep you from looking, publicly, at least, like the dirtbag journalist you reference...