I would not even consider such a drastic geographic move based on your son's age.
Yes, a lot of adolescents can handle such a move and even thrive in a new environment. Then there's the 30-ish-year-old son of one of my cousins, who blames his parents for ruining his life when they made a three-hour move south from one pretty livable place to a great place ... when he was about 12.
You're painting with a broad brush. It's hard, but it's not insurmountable. Kids move around all the time. I did.
I moved four times from the time I was in 3rd grade to entrance into college. One of those moves was "back home" because my Mom was terminally ill, but the difference from skipping fourth to sixth grade is a big deal at that age, so it felt new.
Anyway, the first move was pretty seamless to 3rd grade me. The second move was when my Mom was sick. Cool to go home, but obviously with bittersweet consequences and ramifications upon the return.
The third move was during my freshman year of high school. It was not easy at all. It took me forever to make friends. To this day, I don't feel a part of my HS community. The death of my Mom had already messed me up anyway, but in a strange way, it steeled me to the move too because of what I had already gone through. Hard to know whether the death of my Mom or the move itself was what was really upsetting. I did miss my friends in my home city, but honestly? Between my Mom's death, my reaction to it, and some of the dopes I was hanging out with as I entered HS, moving might not have been bad in hindsight.
The fourth move was right after I graduated. Talk about a clean break ... not only out of the house, but out of the home and away from the tight-knit friend group I did (and still) ashociate with from HS. It sucked during summers, but you're making a life break at that age anyway. Certainly probably made me feel more responsible at college.
That was my experience, but it's not everyone's. My sister seemed to do perfectly fine with each move. My brother had more issues. I would never think to blame my Dad for moving us around. He did it partly to put himself in a better financial position to help us without our Mom. And even if I did blame him, I think it's a bit pathetic to blame parents for life happenings, especially as you get older and wiser.
As an adult, I moved a year ago to start a new job in a place I'd be perfectly content with retiring in if it came to that ... from a place that was good to us, but that I had zero desire to retire in. I made this move after my kids both graduated from high school, which I am happy about, since they got the opposite experience I did, but believe me, if push came to shove and timing didn't align the way it did? I'd have moved my kids if I had to. It nearly happened a year prior to this move and a few years prior to that as well.
You live in your own skin. You have to be happy within it and not compromise for everyone else, unless, that *is* what makes you happy in your own skin.